Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory and bactericidal effects of NBP and NBP-NPs. (A) The colony morphology of H. pylori strains after treatment with various drug concentrations. (B) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP. (C) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP-NPs. (D) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP. (E) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP-NPs.

Article Snippet: The standard strain ATCC 700392 and the clinical strain SS1 were exposed to NBP and NBP-NPs solutions at concentrations of 2 × MIC, 1 × MIC, and 0.5 × MIC under microaerophilic conditions at 37 °C with shaking at 150 rpm for 3 days.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular mechanisms of drug action against H. pylori . (A) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in ATCC 700392. (B) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in SS1. (C–E) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in ATCC 700392. (F–H) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in SS1 ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group). (I) Drug-induced ultrastructural alterations in H. pylori SS1 observed by SEM (30.0 kx, 40.0 kx, 70.0 kx). CagA protein expression in H. pylori SS1 treated with (J) NBP and (K) NBP-NPs ( n =3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. con trol group).

Article Snippet: The standard strain ATCC 700392 and the clinical strain SS1 were exposed to NBP and NBP-NPs solutions at concentrations of 2 × MIC, 1 × MIC, and 0.5 × MIC under microaerophilic conditions at 37 °C with shaking at 150 rpm for 3 days.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Control, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolite analysis of H. pylori SS1 treated in vitro with NBP and its nanoparticles. (A) TIC of QC sample chromatogram. (B) TIC of bacterial metabolites. The vertical axis represents the normalized intensity offset index for each group. The three distinct colors correspond to the three different experimental groups. (C) PCA of bacterial metabolites. (D) PLS-DA of bacterial metabolites. (E) Venn diagram analysis of differential metabolites between the NBP group and the NBP-NPs group. (F) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP group versus the control. (G) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP-NPs group versus the control. Metabolites marked in red, green, and gray represent those that are significantly upregulated, downregulated, or show no significant change, respectively. (H) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP group compared to the control. (I) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP-NPs group compared to the control. The color bar represents the relative abundance level of metabolites, with gradients from blue (low) to red (high). (J) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP. (K) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP-NPs. The size of each circle corresponds to the number of metabolites mapped to the pathway, and the color depth reflects the significance of the enrichment.

Article Snippet: The standard strain ATCC 700392 and the clinical strain SS1 were exposed to NBP and NBP-NPs solutions at concentrations of 2 × MIC, 1 × MIC, and 0.5 × MIC under microaerophilic conditions at 37 °C with shaking at 150 rpm for 3 days.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory and bactericidal effects of NBP and NBP-NPs. (A) The colony morphology of H. pylori strains after treatment with various drug concentrations. (B) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP. (C) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP-NPs. (D) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP. (E) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP-NPs.

Article Snippet: As shown in – , both NBP and NBP-NPs exhibited clear inhibitory effects on the standard strain ATCC 700392 and clinical strain SS1.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular mechanisms of drug action against H. pylori . (A) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in ATCC 700392. (B) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in SS1. (C–E) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in ATCC 700392. (F–H) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in SS1 ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group). (I) Drug-induced ultrastructural alterations in H. pylori SS1 observed by SEM (30.0 kx, 40.0 kx, 70.0 kx). CagA protein expression in H. pylori SS1 treated with (J) NBP and (K) NBP-NPs ( n =3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. con trol group).

Article Snippet: As shown in – , both NBP and NBP-NPs exhibited clear inhibitory effects on the standard strain ATCC 700392 and clinical strain SS1.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Control, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolite analysis of H. pylori SS1 treated in vitro with NBP and its nanoparticles. (A) TIC of QC sample chromatogram. (B) TIC of bacterial metabolites. The vertical axis represents the normalized intensity offset index for each group. The three distinct colors correspond to the three different experimental groups. (C) PCA of bacterial metabolites. (D) PLS-DA of bacterial metabolites. (E) Venn diagram analysis of differential metabolites between the NBP group and the NBP-NPs group. (F) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP group versus the control. (G) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP-NPs group versus the control. Metabolites marked in red, green, and gray represent those that are significantly upregulated, downregulated, or show no significant change, respectively. (H) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP group compared to the control. (I) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP-NPs group compared to the control. The color bar represents the relative abundance level of metabolites, with gradients from blue (low) to red (high). (J) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP. (K) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP-NPs. The size of each circle corresponds to the number of metabolites mapped to the pathway, and the color depth reflects the significance of the enrichment.

Article Snippet: As shown in – , both NBP and NBP-NPs exhibited clear inhibitory effects on the standard strain ATCC 700392 and clinical strain SS1.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Inhibitory and bactericidal effects of NBP and NBP-NPs. (A) The colony morphology of H. pylori strains after treatment with various drug concentrations. (B) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP. (C) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain ATCC 700392 following treatment with NBP-NPs. (D) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP. (E) Bacterial growth inhibition kinetics of strain SS1 following treatment with NBP-NPs.

Article Snippet: Urease activity assays showed that NBP dose-dependently reduced urease activity in both ATCC 700392 and SS1 strains.

Techniques: Inhibition

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Molecular mechanisms of drug action against H. pylori . (A) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in ATCC 700392. (B) Impact of NBP and NBP-NPs treatment on virulence gene expression levels in SS1. (C–E) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in ATCC 700392. (F–H) Effect of drug treatment on urease activity in SS1 ( n = 3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. control group). (I) Drug-induced ultrastructural alterations in H. pylori SS1 observed by SEM (30.0 kx, 40.0 kx, 70.0 kx). CagA protein expression in H. pylori SS1 treated with (J) NBP and (K) NBP-NPs ( n =3, * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001 vs. con trol group).

Article Snippet: Urease activity assays showed that NBP dose-dependently reduced urease activity in both ATCC 700392 and SS1 strains.

Techniques: Gene Expression, Activity Assay, Control, Expressing

Journal: Frontiers in Microbiology

Article Title: In vitro study on anti- Helicobacter pylori effects of DL-3-n-butylphthalide-loaded silk fibroin nanoparticles

doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2025.1750216

Figure Lengend Snippet: Metabolite analysis of H. pylori SS1 treated in vitro with NBP and its nanoparticles. (A) TIC of QC sample chromatogram. (B) TIC of bacterial metabolites. The vertical axis represents the normalized intensity offset index for each group. The three distinct colors correspond to the three different experimental groups. (C) PCA of bacterial metabolites. (D) PLS-DA of bacterial metabolites. (E) Venn diagram analysis of differential metabolites between the NBP group and the NBP-NPs group. (F) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP group versus the control. (G) Volcano plot depicting differential metabolites in the NBP-NPs group versus the control. Metabolites marked in red, green, and gray represent those that are significantly upregulated, downregulated, or show no significant change, respectively. (H) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP group compared to the control. (I) Clustered heatmap showing the metabolite profiles of the NBP-NPs group compared to the control. The color bar represents the relative abundance level of metabolites, with gradients from blue (low) to red (high). (J) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP. (K) KEGG pathway enrichment analysis of metabolites from H. pylori SS1 after treatment with NBP-NPs. The size of each circle corresponds to the number of metabolites mapped to the pathway, and the color depth reflects the significance of the enrichment.

Article Snippet: Urease activity assays showed that NBP dose-dependently reduced urease activity in both ATCC 700392 and SS1 strains.

Techniques: In Vitro, Control